Briefing
sheet for the first F-111C ferry departing Hickam AFB on 29MAY73.
|
FERRY
CREW SOURCES
|
|
F-111C | GPCAPT J. Newham as published in the Journal of the Aviation Historical Society of Australia Vol 14 No 6 Jan-Feb 1974. |
F-111A | From
Controversy to Cutting Edge by Mark Lax, Air Power Development
Centre, 2010. Correspondence with participating aircrew. |
F-111G | AVM Dave Dunlop in consultation with participating crews and reference to their log books in December 2013. |
THE FERRY STORY
|
The F-111 has a range shortfall (the so-called single engine gap) on the McClellan-Hickam leg in the event of an engine failure as there is no en route alternate. For the delivery flights of the F-111Cs in 1973, this was accepted as a calculated risk. However, unofficial personal enquiries indicated that a USAF KC-135 tanker could be made available in an emergency situation. Calculations prior to the first F-111C delivery indicated that the external fuel tanks conferred only a marginal improvement in range after taking into consideration their drag penalty and the limitations they placed on cruising altitude and wing sweep position. No doubt the ultimate decision to use external tanks was also influenced by the requirement to bring the tanks home! As the RAAF became more familiar with the aeroplane, it was established that the tanks were not necessary for these ferry flights and indeed the F-111As were delivered without them. |
F-111C
|
The
F-111C ferries originated at the General Dynamics plant
at Fort Worth, Texas where the re-engineered aircraft came
off the line at a rate of about two per month. The RAAF
ferry operation was centred at McClellan AFB, Sacramento,
California. As each aircraft came off the line, a crew positioned
to Fort Worth to ferry the aircraft to McClellan. When six
aircraft were held serviceable at McClellan, they were ferried
to Australia via Hickam AFB, Hawaii and Pago Pago, American
Samoa. All twenty-four aircraft carried external fuel tanks
on stations 2 and 7, non-pivot pylons which restricted wing
sweep to a maximum of 26 degrees. In the absence of long
range cruise data for the F-111C, these
stations were chosen based on data extrapolated from theoretical
USAF figures for the F-111A which recommended that stations
2 and 7 produced the least drag. The F-111Cs did not use
weapons bay tanks for the delivery flight. Each ferry was
accompanied by two C-130 support aircraft, one in advance
and one following. READ MORE ABOUT THE REPAND SUPPORT AIRCRAFT
|
F-111A
|
These aircraft also incurred a range shortfall on the McClellan-Hickam leg but in the case of the F-111A it was more restrictive because of their shorter wings. This was alleviated by fitting bolt-on wing extensions (variously known as ferry or dummy tips) which did not have slats or flaps. These rarely used extensions could be fitted to all short wing F-111s to increase ferry range but they imposed speed, wing sweep and G limitations. The extensions were intended to increase the range of the F-111A to equal that of the F-111C. However, pre-delivery test flights with A8-113 and A8-114, produced the alarming discovery that the cruise performance was down by 6% and the wing extensions were merely returning these weary Vietnam veterans to F-111A spec. The F-111As were delivered McClellan AFB, Hickam AFB, Kwajalein (Marshall Islands), Amberley. These aircraft did not carry external tanks or weapons bay tanks but topped-up from a USAF KC-135 between McClellan and Hickam. A8-109 and A8-112 were delivered without any accompanying aircraft. A8-112 was delayed at Hickam for several days with multiple unserviceabilities. After arrival at Amberley, the wing extensions were removed and the aircraft entered service as short wing F-111As which were progressively withdrawn from service for conversion to F-111C configuration with extended wings with full span slats and flaps. |
F-111G
|
The F-111Gs were ferried from McClellan Air Force Base, Sacramento, California via Hickam AFB, Hawaii and Pago Pago, American Samoa. All aircraft carried external tanks on stations 3 and 6, pivot pylons which permitted the wing to be swept to a maximum of 55 degrees. Most of the aircraft were delivered with one fuel tank and one cargo pannier fitted in the weapons bay but on at least one delivery the aircraft was configured with two panniers in the weapons bay and no fuel tank. The F-111Gs did not use a KC-135 tanker and neither did they have C-130 support aircraft. The single engine gap was reduced by the increased thrust and fuel capacity of the F-111G coupled with the lower drag from the external tank configuration. The final ferry of three aircraft which arrived at Amberley on 10MAY94 was accompanied by a single F-111C which was returning from Cold Proof Load Testing in Sacramento. The pairing of an F-111G with an F-111C yielded much useful performance data that assisted with the introduction of the F-111G into RAAF service. |
CONTRIBUTORS
|
Frank
Atkins |
THE
DISTANCES
|
||||
From | To |
Kilometres
|
Nautical
Miles
|
Miles
|
McClellan | Hickam |
3974
|
2144
|
2469
|
Hickam | Pago Pago |
4197
|
2264
|
2608
|
Hickam | Nadi |
5107
|
2755
|
3174
|
Hickam | Kwajalein |
3928
|
2120
|
2441
|
Pago Pago | Amberley |
4059
|
2190
|
2522
|
Nadi | Amberley |
2758
|
1488
|
1714
|
Kwajalein | Amberley |
4356
|
2350
|
2707
|
Source: http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Country_Distance_Calculator.asp
F-111
USABLE FUEL CAPACITIES
|
|||
F-111A
|
|||
Internal |
32,785
lb
|
14,871 kg
|
19,065 litres
|
Weapons Bay Tank (left) |
1,750
lb
|
794
kg
|
1,018
litres
|
Weapons Bay Tank (right) |
1,885
lb
|
855
kg
|
1,096
litres
|
F-111C
|
|||
Internal |
32,842
lb
|
14,897 kg
|
19,099 litres
|
Weapons Bay Tank (left) (Gun in right bay) |
1,750
lb
|
794
kg
|
1,018
litres
|
F-111G
|
|||
Internal |
32,460
lb
|
14,724 kg
|
18,877 litres
|
Weapons Bay Tank (left) |
1,852
lb
|
840
kg
|
1,077
litres
|
Weapons Bay Tank (right) |
1,948
lb
|
884
kg
|
1,133
litres
|
F-111A,
F-111C & F-111G
|
|||
External Tank (600 USG ea) |
3,902 lb
|
1,770 kg
|
2,269 litres
|
(Litres
calculated at SG of 0.78)
Note: Only F-111Gs used Weapons Bay Tanks for their delivery
flights. (Refer text above)
Source: Flight Manual F-111A, Flight Manual F-111C and
Flight Manual F-111G
Issue
|
Date
|
Remarks
|
11
|
13JAN19
|
Added an image of the briefing sheet issued to crews on the first ferry from Hickam AFB on 29MAY73. Thanks to Wal Walters. Also added a link to a new page on the Operation REPAND support aircraft. |
10
|
14AUG17
|
Added an image of the flown cover carried on the first F-111C ferry. Thanks to Wal Walters. |
9
|
20MAR14
|
Added the delivery crew of A8-109 thanks to AVM Dave Rogers and RAAF Historian Martin James. Thanks also to the crew members involved for their confirmation that the details are correct. Peter Layton advises that A8-109 arrived at Amberley on 19AUG82 (not 20AUG82 as shown previously). |
8
|
13FEB14
|
Completely revised the Fuel Capacities table with reference to the Flight Manual for each type. Coverage of the Last Day transferred to a stand-alone page. |
7
|
28JAN14
|
Corrected the figures for the capacity of the external tank. Thanks to Norman King. |
6
|
24JAN14
|
Added a table of fuel capacities. General revision of text. |
5
|
21JAN14
|
Added crew names for A8-112 and corrected the arrival date at Amberley (one day later) thanks to Frank Atkins. |
4
|
20JAN14
|
Added further detail on the fourth F-111C ferry thanks to Geoff Talbot. Also added a table of distances. |
3
|
16JAN14
|
Added further detail on the F-111C deliveries thanks to Geoff Talbot. Also added a reference to the wing extensions fitted to the F-111As for their delivery flights thanks to Greg Gannon and Robert Thoroughgood. |
2
|
10JAN14
|
Added crew names for A8-113 and A8-114 thanks to Rick O'Ferrall, Mark Lax and Bryan McNeice. |
1
|
02JAN14
|
Original issue. Thanks to AVM Dave Dunlop for the F-111G listing, most of which is published here for the first time. |